What does the term polymerization refer to?

The term polymerization refers to a chemical process that combines several monomers to form a polymer. This process is fundamental in the creation of various substances, including those used in nail products. In the context of manicuring, polymerization is critical for the curing of gel nails and some nail adhesives. When the monomers (small molecules) link together through chemical reactions to form a larger structure (the polymer), it results in a durable material that adheres well to the natural nail and can withstand daily wear and tear. Understanding this process is essential for manicurists as it relates to the products they use and the results they deliver to clients.

The other options do not accurately define polymerization. Mixing colors pertains to cosmetic applications rather than a chemical reaction process. Applying products involves techniques rather than the chemical transformation. Surface preparation focuses on the condition of the nail or skin prior to application, which does not involve the concept of polymer chains forming from monomers. Thus, the definition provided in the correct answer aligns precisely with the scientific principles at play in nail product applications.